Strokes (CVA)

A stroke (CVA) occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes blocked or bursts, leading to a reduction or interruption of blood flow to part of the brain. Brain cells that do not receive sufficient oxygen and nutrients may be damaged or destroyed, which can result in neurological deficits such as paralysis, loss of speech or vision, and changes in personality.

There are two types of stroke: ischaemic stroke, which accounts for approximately 85% of cases and is caused by a blockage in a blood vessel in the brain, and haemorrhagic stroke, which accounts for approximately 15% of cases and is caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain.

Risk factors for stroke include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, physical inactivity, and a family history of stroke. Stroke symptoms can vary depending on the part of the brain affected, but may include sudden and severe headaches, vision problems, weakness or paralysis on one side of the body, difficulties with speech or comprehension, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting.

Treatment for a stroke depends on the cause and severity of the event. In the case of an ischaemic stroke, it is important to dissolve the blood clot quickly in order to restore blood flow to the brain. Thrombolytic medications, which dissolve blood clots, can be administered in the first hours following the stroke to minimise brain damage. In some cases, surgical intervention may also be necessary to remove a blood clot or to repair a damaged blood vessel.

In the case of a haemorrhagic stroke, treatment aims to stop the bleeding and reduce intracranial pressure. Medications may be used to control blood pressure, and surgical procedures may be necessary to stop the bleeding.

It is important to remember that prevention is the best strategy for avoiding a stroke. Measures such as controlling blood pressure, stopping smoking, managing diabetes and high cholesterol, taking regular physical exercise, and adopting a healthy diet can help reduce the risk of stroke. People with a family history of stroke or who have risk factors should consult a healthcare professional regularly for early detection and appropriate management.