Diseases of the Stomach and Intestine
Diseases of the stomach and intestine, also known as gastrointestinal diseases, can have a considerable impact on a person’s quality of life. Some of these conditions are chronic, meaning they can last several years or even a lifetime. They may have various causes, including infections, inflammation, immune disorders and genetic factors.
Common gastrointestinal diseases include:
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Gastric and duodenal ulcers: these lesions are caused by inflammation of the lining of the stomach or duodenum. Ulcers can be triggered by a Helicobacter pylori infection, excessive use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), stress, and the consumption of alcohol or tobacco. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite and gastrointestinal bleeding.
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Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux Disease (GORD): this occurs when stomach contents rise back into the oesophagus due to relaxation of the lower oesophageal sphincter. Symptoms include a burning sensation behind the sternum (heartburn), acid regurgitation, chest pain and chronic cough.
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): this encompasses ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. These autoimmune conditions are characterised by chronic inflammation of the intestine, which can lead to abdominal pain, diarrhoea, weight loss, fatigue and rectal bleeding.
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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): this manifests as abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhoea or constipation and may be caused by factors such as stress, diet and hormonal changes.
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Gastrointestinal infections: these can be caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites and may produce symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhoea.
The treatment of gastrointestinal diseases depends on the cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, a simple dietary change or the use of medication may be sufficient to relieve symptoms. In other cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to treat the condition.
It is important to look after one’s digestive system by following a healthy and balanced diet, avoiding fatty, spicy or insoluble-fibre-rich foods, and drinking enough water to maintain good hydration. People with gastrointestinal diseases should work closely with their doctor to develop an appropriate treatment plan.